BIOGRAPHY OF MOHAMMAD JAVAD BAHONAR:

 

Martyr Mohammad JAVAD BAHONAR was born in 1312 in Kerman city, in an area named, MAHALE SHAR,, that was one of the oldest and dilapidated parish in Kerman city. He was the second child of family and had nine sisters and brothers. His father was a simple trademan who had an unpretentious life. And he had a small store in parish and subsisted. Martyr JAVAD went to school at the age of five year and has learned Quran by a religious lady. When he was about eleven years old by guiding the religious lady`s son named HOJATOLESLAM HAGHIGHI entered to the MASOUME school in Kerman and began to learn elementary lessons.

HOJATOLESLAM IRANMANESH, the martyr`s cousin, said: we went to school together in Kerman at the age of five. We learned to read Quran and also read Persian and Hafez poetry book. There were few schools at that time and there were just few people went to school who were in middle class and low class just went to school and then work. Because there was no time. MASOUMIYEH School after years which were closed in Reza khan period, began its activities. And some students had been accepted. Martyr BAHONAR began preliminary courses with NASABOLBAYAN curriculum and comprehensive ALMOGHADAMAT. He began new education beside the seminary formal courses. And took part in miscellaneous exams. He succeeded to take the old science in fifth degree. During this period, his religious education had reached to the LEVEL section and, in the middle of 1953, went to Qom city in order to continue his religious studies.

 

 

Entrance to the Qom seminaryschool:

 

At the first year when he entered to the Qom seminary school, He habituated in FEIZIYEH School and learned KEFAYE and MAKASEBcourses from teachers such as Ayatollah MOJAHEDI, Ayatollah SOLTANI, and Sheikh Mohammad JAVAD ESFAHANI. And at the same year he took his Diploma certificate. In order to continue and complete the religious courses from 1953 took part in outside courses of ULEMA. In addition of participating in FEGH courses of Ayatollah BOROUJERDI that he was special in regard to his authority and expansion of course in point view of number of students, also participated in OUTSIDE courses of Imam Khomeini. And about seven years (until the early days of 1960) imparted of principles and FEGH courses. Martyr BAHONAR also participated in ALLAME TABATABAEE`s philosophy course and beside this, he enjoyed ALLAME`s TAFSIR a lot, which was published as a book named ALMIZAN (one of greatest books for SHIA)

Martyr BAHONAR in describing his educational period in Qom seminary said: we have our best scientific and educational memories in this period of nine years education in Qom. In third year that he entered to the Qom seminary and after taking diploma degree, BAHONAR took part in university`s exams and entered the seminary and continued his university`s education along with seminarycourses. As regard to university course, on the view of science and quality, nothing was new for him, so he was rarely showed up in classes. In 1958, he finished bachelor course and got his university degree.

In continuing to complete university educations and after taking bachelor, He passed Master of Arts in educational affairs, and PhD in theology. Martyr BAHONAR went to Najaf (IRAQ), the holy city about years 1956-57. He decided to continue his religious education there, so lived in Ayatollah BOROUJERDI school and participated in Ayatollah Hakim`s courses. But because of some reasons, such as the existence of outstanding scientists in Qom seminary, again came back to Qom seminary. He stayed in Najaf less than a year.

The outset of social and cultural activities:

In third year of his residence in Qom and FEYZIYEH School, moved to the HOJATIYEH School. He became roommate with great and valuable fellows such as HOJATOLESLAM HASHEMI Rafsanjani, Ayatollah MOVAHEDI KERMANI and HOJATOLESLAM MAHDAVI KERMANI and many more in a chamber. He published Shiite academy journal with cooperation of HASHEMI RAFSANJANI and MAHDAVI KERMANI In 1957. The type of articles and mentioned materials in journal had made a deep cultural and mental revolution in Qom seminary. And because students and clergies accepted the articles very much, so the journal was published quarterly. Because of sensitivity and attention of regime to these essays, finally after publishing seven volumes, SAVAK stopped the work. Mr. HASHEMI Rafsanjani said" He had the first role in controlling Shiite academy journal. In 19957 or 1958 myself, he and some of our friends who became four or five persons decided to publish a journal. Martyr BAHONAR had main Cultural liabilities such as print and inquiry of articles. Of course we cooperated with him but because he was the best writer, and had press precedence. He had more preparation. Generally, it becomes a good work. And those days that ten thousands and fifteen thousand circulations were sold out.

Our first printing was with ten thousands circulations, that immediately finished and we had sold it.

The first arrest of Martyr BAHONAR:

Martyr BAHONAR, went to Abadan for an advertising journey in 1958, in pertinence to recognizing the Israel government by Iran government as two factors. He had a difficult and intense attack on this issue. And after the end of the lecture, he was arrested by police for his mighty work. And that was the first contact with Pahlavi Regime.

The second arrest of late doctor BAHONAR:

His second arrest was encountered with progresses of KHORDAD month of 1963. It had been arranged that missioners redeploy from seminary to all over the country in holy Muharram month in the said year. And they expressed Co- ordinated and Monotonous speeches, in order to condemn evil regime and regime`s irreligious actions on. The security regime of king was informed about this progress and predicted measures to control and pressure on the spokesmen. In that year, Mohammad JAVAD was sent to Hamadan and was arrested on the following fervent speech on the seventh day of Muharram in 1963, but because of the inroad of people and social pressures that people hold in Hamadan, forced regime to release him. His release accompanied with the expulsion of Hamadan. But he continued his speeches until 12 of Muharram and finally went out of city. Martyr BAHONAR, himself says" I remember, it was an order that from the sixth day of Muharram month, speeches reached to the highest and intensified combat.

They warned me for the ceremony: don`t let meeting to be populous. If you want to begin from the first day, before people congregate, they will arrest you." And at the sixth day, speeches soared apparently, it was the seventh day that we have been arrested.

THIRD ARREST OF MOHAMMAD JAVAD:

The third arrest is related to his revolutionary and harsh speeches in Tehran Bazar Mosque for anniversary of regime`s attack to FEYZIYE school. At the end of his speech in the third night colonel TAHERI and other constabularies arrested him and sent him to GHEZEL GHALE prison. And after trial in a military court condemned to be prison for four months. The General of constabulary on 1963 about his arrested reported to SAVAK like this sheikh Mohammad JAVAD in nights 18 and 19 in month of March expressedprovocative speech and mentioned about happenings in FEYZIYE school in last year in central mosque yard, and the statements were unjust. So, at 21pm of 19 March when he was leaving the mosque, was arrested by special agents, dispatched and delivered to SAVAK with primary dossier for prosecution.

Cooperation with Board of Coalition:

One of the most important activities in the first presence of martyr BAHONAR in Tehran, was familiarity with the coalition board. JAVAD has been entered to organization ofboard of Coalition by Martyr BEHESHTI. And he taught to forces of coalition about ideas and thoughts of MR. MOTAHARI. This great man used the topics that was arranged

and prepared by martyr MOTAHARI and discussions were made by himself in order to train concepts and religious educations to the board of Coalition. After the assassination of Hassan Ali Mansur by the Board of Coalition and arrest of their leaders and decompose of the organization, Martyr MOHAMMAD JAVAD decided to create a semi-public organizations with cooperation of elders such as late BEHESHTI, late MOTAHARI and Mr. HASHEMI Rafsanjani in order to create unity and preventing of collapse, isolation and dispersion of warrantor and combative forces.

Welfare Institute:

Coverage was provided for this organizations actually was a service and social cover. The name of this organization was welfare and friendly institute. Some of its objectives included relief operations, Fund loan and the establishment of schools.Secret communications of fighting forces and other activities accomplished in the cover of above board activities of welfare institute. Centers of coalitions have been guided by this institute. Martyr RAJAEE was one of those who led some centers and participated in their meetings with this nickname "OMIDVAR". And performed his didactic and training programs.Mr. Rafsanjani in explaining about the formation of welfare institute saidin the institutions of the former regime that have been constituted by revolutionary Muslims, there were usually certain number of people who played a role in different ways such as a consultant, help or member, in these works.

He was the member of institute from the initial phase. Because welfare institute was a cultural, welfare facility and service institution as well as the most prominent revolutionary organization. Also he was the member of board of trustee and board of directors. More cultural activities were entrusted to him and Mr. RAJAEE. He was the basic person to do the sidelines such as presentations, camps, meetings and other things. Actually we must mention his name as a powerful and important member of the welfare group and as one of the founders. Although Mr. BAHONAR was actually one of the founders, formally SAVAK was opposed him to join to the board of founders.

Propagation and Guidance:

Martyr BAHONAR after arriving in Tehran and starting his social and cultural activities, and since 1955 did measures to promote religious principles for different classes of people. He delivered an important speeches in years 1955 and 1956 at JALILI mosque. The mosque, which was administered by the prayer leader Ayatollah MAHDAVI KANI, was one of the centers of warrior and commitment religious forces. Because there was sensitivity and attention by the regime, usually some sources were followed by SAVAK for, in order to receive a complete report of its activities. Also Dr. BAHONAR showed up on the board of MAKTABOL HOSSEIN i1955and 1956 and said some statements about Islamic issues, society`s problems, Muslim`s duties, and how to lead community. With regard to this fact the Islamic coalition and the nation party participated in MAKTABOL Hussein, and was the base of religious militant forces,

SAVAK had launched several resources for the boards and pursued its reports. SAVAK`s source reported a Session of MAKTABOL Hussein "... then preacher Sheikh BAHONAR stated "we need to pattern of Imam Hussein, and we do not pledge allegiance to YAZID and despots, don`t obey irreligious and cruel government. If the Supreme Leader wanted to swear allegiance, it was much easier, but instead we could lose our religion. He said Shiite supreme leader of world, and Ayatollah Hakim together has given FETVA about war with Israel, and this decision has been welcomed by the Islamic countries." He also said on 1967: "... no one except Imam of the time has the right to change Islamic laws and manipulate it. Imam or his successor must be statesman of the Muslims in the Islamic countries and takes oppressed right from the oppressor. If the leader is holy and pure, usury will not become common in the country. Cinema and the centers of corruption will not be established. The crimes will not occur. So the upper classes need to reform their status and then expect the lower classes. We shouldn`t sit down and say works must go on. We wait long, we must ponder and think about the remedy." Martyr BAHONAR in the following of his enlightenment and attention to political and social conditions of the country, said: gentlemen, now, former situation is repeated in our country after 1400 years. If a Muslim or a Priest tells do not drink wine, don`t do adultery and do not loot public money to foreign banks, they can`t tolerate, and immediately talk about imprisonment, torture and exile. So, it is the duty of every Muslim to promote virtue and prevent vice, and combat through private and public meetings and distribution of leaflets and other propaganda and save Islam from these irreparable corruptions.

And also he said: "... Muslims should pay attention, that Islam says knowledge and virtue must be combined with each other, that is, a Muslim should have virtue and knowledge to remove routine problems and do not need interference of the Counselor and foreigners. Unfortunately, there is nothing except bribery, dancing, and revelry in our current system." In the following of explanatory statements of martyr BAHONAR, SAVAK center ordered to Tehran SAVAK:" The mentioned name recently in addition of participating in MAKTABOL Hussein sessions, attempted to deliver subjects against our interest that is continuing of this method is not expedient. Please order whilst training to the relevant resources, to monitor his actions and calls, and collect the court`s documents against him and give them to the General Administration office on time. " Along with martyr BAHOBAR`s speech at MAKTABOL Hussein, other fighter characters were invited to this speech, such as HASHEMI Rafsanjani, martyr HASHEMI NEJAD, Ali ASGHAR MORVARID and... in 1969-1970s, major speeches and sermons of martyr BAHONAR accomplished at HEDAYAT mosque. Ayatollah TALEGHANI was Imam of the mosque and people of the freedom movement, religious intellectuals and Muslim students of universities attended the sessions. The mosque had great prosperity When Ayatollah TALEGHANI was at mosque and he wasn`t in exile, various sectors participated in. The presence of the engineer BAZARGAN, doctor SAHABI and Ayatollah TALEGHANI in the mosque, solicited the attention of SAVAK to this center also. At each meeting and a ceremony which was held in the mosque, at least three reports were transmitted to the SAVAK centers, always.

 

Doctor BAHONARs Speeches in the mosque were welcomed by many audiences, so due to the request of Ayatollah TALEGHANI several lectures were given to him. Martyr doctor BAHONAR says about this issue" HEDAYAT mosque, TALEGHANI`s mosque were our resort, we were talking there about three years in the month of Ramadan, we talked a lot on Friday nights. According to the last habitual routine, Martyr BAHONAR could attract various sectors to mosque and pulpit with careful words and expressions which were according to the needs, requirements and demands of the audiences and the social and political conditions. And he attracted the attention of the religious forces. Martyr BAHONAR in his speeches in HEDAYAT mosque on 2/10/67 that was reported by SAVAK said" Come and have a movement in the social life and save the community from misery, and also criticized of the women`s adultery in Islamic society and stated those who have demanded freedom for women in the world have the greatest impact on the society. All these abortions and illegal relationships are the effects of daydream. And in another occasion mentioned"... any ethnic or nation that is colonized if do not have solidarity, they cant win, each government constitutes on deserve of the people of the society, If a group or society does not change their method, their status will not change." In Following this statement The Third Administration of SAVAK on 1968 gave a message to Tehran SAVAK such orders" As Regards his statements are provocative please summon him and warn the necessary notifications, and then notify the result to the Administration." In spite of warns and threats of SAVAK, martyr BAHONAR continued his cultural and religious mission, and perpetuated his religious and social teaching.

 

In this regard, on the eve of the 2500 years celebrations and ceremonies made by the royal family in various circles, late SHEIKH especially in the HEDAYAT mosque exposed the hypocritical face of the idolatrous, and in a speech dated 1972 in HEDAYAT mosque says: "... the nation should be proud of its industry, technique, and culture, social and economic progress and must not praise ancient buildings and predecessors. The following intensification of regime`s measures to deal with the antagonists and combative groups and the fear of crisis During the 2500years celebrations and also the clarity of martyr BAHONAR`s speech, from SAVAK on 1972 to constabulary of country about his prohibited of pulpit band imparted such "the mentioned name is one of the extremist preachers in Tehran. Recently, he has delivered provocative speech and contrary to our interests in HEDAYAT mosque in Tehran. Please, order to record his name as preachers who had prohibited of pulpit and inform the result to the organization. ALJAVAD mosque and ERSHAD HOSSENIYEH were some of those centers that martyr BAHONAR had speeches there. During the years 1971 to mid 1971s, these two places were community centers for commitments of religious forces. Presence of outstanding, and revolutionary spokesman caused to attract more people, especially young people. Martyr BAHONAR besides participating in mosques and centers, also he showed up in some religious circles such as boards and meetings which were held in the homes, and guided the Islamic society by his fiery speeches in most of the centers.

 

Martyr BAHONAR and other Combatant Clergymen by using backgrounds and circumstances that were obtained in mosques, Shrines, Boards and HOSINIYE places, tried to talk about Imam Khomeini`s ideas and movement, attended to revelation and enlightenment of Muslim population. It was an opportunity for the Muslim people to achieve faith preparation and combative actions against the king regime.

Prohibited of pulpit:

After Martyr BAHONAR`s statements and speeches about 2500 years of imperial celebrations and provocative statements, he was summoned by SAVAK and then prohibited of pulpit. His prohibited of pulpit continued up to great victory of Islamic Revolution. Nevertheless, he lectured in various occasions in cliques. Doctor SHEIBANI tells about the events of the revolution," I have memories of martyr BAHONAR. SAVAK was strictly prohibited his lectures in Shiraz but clergies wanted the lectures must to be held. SHEIKH has put on his cloak and turban away, and spoke while he was wearing Jacket and Trousers. Before SAVAK could understand, he ran away from meeting.

The expansion of cultural activities:

Mr. BAHONAR, during his prohibition of pulpit, while working to correct the textbook, also did other educational and cultural activities along with his colleagues` support and assistance, such as the establishment of Publication Office of Islamic Culture. The office was succeeded to publish million versions of useful books in the last few years before Islamic revolution and shut down of publication press shut down. Actually, it was a place for those who looked for useful Islamic books.

 

During this period he also founded TOHID Center by the help of Ayatollah MOUSAVI ARDEBILI. This center became an important propagator Scientific Center in Tehran. It should be noted that Mr. MOUSAVI planed its pattern, and with the help and support of the martyr BAHONAR succeeded to complete and flotation of his glorious complex.
Martyr BAHONAR contributed in establishing of MOFID School and also in creating AMIRALMOMENIN MAKTAB, (next to the AMIRALMOMENIN Mosque in NOSRAT Street) it was started by Ayatollah MOUSAVI ARDEBILI.

 

In short, his most important cultural activities in this period are:

1. The establishment of the Islamic Cultural office
2. The establishment and Flotation of MOFID School.
3. The establishment of AMIRALMOMENIN MAKTAB.
4. Establishment and building the TOHID Center
5. The establishment and Flotation of REFAH School.

Re arrest

In 11974, the following extensive activities of martyr BAHONAR and SAVAK sensitivity and strict control over his actions, in order to demoralization and insecurity to his willing in fight against the regime, the security system of king, repeatedly arrested him and interrogated his relatives, especially his sister and released her in the deserts around Tehran. Following these cases, and the report of the local people about production and distribution of proclamation at martyr BAHONAR`s home, immediately, SAVAK stormed to his house, inspected and confiscated some books.

 

Also arrested him and after a few days by getting a commitment, have released him. Martyr BAHONAR herein said: A family problem happened for me. I had a sister who lived with us, they came and arrested her. It was strange arrest, always were arrested and held for several days and sometimes have released them in wilderness and sometimes in another corner of the city. Mainly, they insisted to ask her about our relationship, which groups we have relationship with? Which groups and what meetings we had in our home? And what problems we pursue.

 

Membership in the Committee of strike adjustment:

One of the committees of the Council of revolution, was the strike committee. The committees task was to foment strikes and in cases what are essential needs of the people in case of a problem, this committee adjusted strikes. Especially because of the oil workers strike, some problems for people`s fuel arose. According to the order of the Imam, martyr BAHONAR became a member of the committee and by traveling to around the country did affairs related to strikes.

Membership in the Council of revolution:

The idea of ​​an association called "Council of Revolution," according to the particular circumstances at that time, there were many discussions by trustee Clergymen of Imam. A serious discussions on this issue on a trip of Professor MORTEZA MOTAHARI to Paris were held with Imam Khomeini. According to the article of Mr. Rafsanjani:"... Mr. MOTAHARI in returning from Paris brought the order of the Holy leader of Revolution to constitute the Council of Revolution.

Imam has selected gentlemen like martyr MOTAHARI, martyr BEHESHTI, MOUSAVI ARDEBILI, martyr BAHONAR and HASHEMI Rafsanjani as the first core of Council of Revolution, and had allowed that other people to be added by these five persons` view. It was decided at the first meeting, the composition of the council to be equally of clergy and lay members." The council was formed in December 1979 with regard to the particular circumstances of country before revolution, the council has an important role in guidance, planning the affairs of revolution, and giving necessary consultations to the Holy leader of Revolution, Imam Khomeini.

 

Constitution of the Islamic Republic Party:

In 1979, after release from prison MOHAMMAD JAVAD BAHONAR and martyr BEHESHTI along with some other characters began to form the Islamic Republic Party, and provided its statute, thereby Constitutions of the Islamic Republic Partybegan its activities formally. His role was crucial in the party and in all things he was consulted. After the death of the martyr BEHESHTI in bloody tragedy blast at the central office of party on July 1982, martyr BAHONAR was elected as general secretary of the Islamic Republic Party and undertook this responsibility, before accepting to become prime minister.

Premiership:

Following the scape of President BANISADR and election of martyr RAJAEE as president, on recommendation of martyr RAJAEE, martyr BAHONAR was introduced to the Islamic Parliament as Prime Minister in 1982.And parliament give vote of confidence to the Prime Minister and his ministers.

 

Moral features of martyr BAHONAR;

The honorable martyr BAHONAR, being educated scientist, have made tireless efforts in educational progression in the field of moral perfections and ascription of Islamic good behavior, did efforts and attention in many fields. Supreme Leaders Speech is very communicative in this Basic: His moral features were exception, martyr MOTAHARI and the more, martyr BEHESHTI were very fond of his moral qualities. His most important characteristics were that he did great works, useful and compact without any outward manifestation of emotion. He was deep, humble, meek, taciturn, sober, hardworking, serious, sincere, and honest man. He is gifted fellow in literary and writing, and his writing was musical and beautiful. However, he was a unique and outstanding man."

HOJATOLESLAM MAHDAVI KANI had been in long terms with martyr BAHONAR in the same chamber at HOJATIYEH School and expressed interesting points about his moral characters.

Generally martyr BAHONAR`s behavior with those who came to him was very cordial and friendly, and even I can say that he was closer than a brother, and spoke too folksy. As far as he could he prayed on time and with congregation, and usually showed up in the beginning of evening in the yard of FEYZIYE School, that had been constituted by leader Ayatollah Araki. He attended to congregation pray in the afternoons which was held by decedent leader Ayatollah ZANJANI and while we were together. Because we had common subjects and also taught that lesson after morning pray. so we tried to be there, and so he prayed matins with leader AYATOLOZMA MARASHI NAJAFI or Ayatollah GOLPAYEGANI. We can say that, this great man, had strong faith in

Vespers, and pilgrimage of JAME KABIRE and other orisons, he did when he was alone. Also we went to JAMKARAN mosque with our friends, most of the time we walked, and he implemented to the rules which had been written in JAMKARAN mosque.

Basically, He didn`t neglect of Vespers and unnecessary prayers and even some of his friends nagged him, rarely he could neglect his courses, that was the main purpose, because of much devotion. But, he knew the pray, as an instrument for placidity of heart and causing a lovely relationship between God and man. He believed he could understand the lessons better, therefore; he didn`t neglect of doing such actions. He was very freestanding.